Exercise and Diabetes
The two main forms of diabetes are Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes, often called juvenile diabetes, occurs when the body stops producing insulin entirely. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes usually affects older adults and develops when the body either produces insufficient insulin or becomes resistant to its effects.
Both types impair the body’s ability to properly use sugar. As a result, blood sugar levels rise because sugar is not efficiently moved from the bloodstream into cells. Controlling blood sugar requires a mix of physical activity, nutrition, and medication.
Physical activity is essential for effectively managing both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. For those with Type 1 diabetes, regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity, helps prevent unwanted weight gain, and increases muscle uptake of glucose, thereby lowering blood sugar. While Type 1 diabetes cannot currently be prevented, Type 2 diabetes may be avoidable.
Preventing Type 2 diabetes involves consistent exercise, taking vitamins and herbal supplements that reduce insulin resistance, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Beyond blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity, exercise also helps reduce many complications related to diabetes. Research shows that walking for just 30 minutes daily can significantly lower the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Since diabetics often experience poor circulation, especially in the lower legs and feet, exercise helps improve blood flow and can reduce high blood pressure.
While exercise does carry some risks, its benefits greatly surpass them. Because exercise lowers blood sugar, diabetics should check their glucose levels before and after physical activity. Increased insulin sensitivity and glucose use during exercise can sometimes cause blood sugar to drop too low, leading to hypoglycemia.
It’s important to inform others around you about your diabetes and what to do if you experience hypoglycemia. Always carry quick sources of sugar like candy or fruit juice. During and after exercise, watch for warning signs such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, shakiness, or hunger, which may indicate low blood sugar.
In summary, exercise is essential in managing diabetes. It helps regulate blood sugar by increasing glucose usage and enhancing insulin effectiveness. Regular physical activity also helps prevent and reduce complications such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and circulation problems. Every diabetic should include consistent exercise in their overall treatment plan.
